12 models for evolution

Twelve Models for Evolution

The Real Evolution Debate - defines 12 different models or view of evolution as shown in the diagram below. Review the core ideas behind each category and reflect on where your own beliefs lie.

This is a good framework because it includes those that adhere to Darwin, and that of Intelligent Design which is at the other end of the scale. The source of the diagram may have some bias towards the Integralists as this is show with the most balanced view. Nevertheless, it represents a good range of belief patterns and each is worthy of consideration.

Neo-Darwinists - classical Darwin theory of natural selection based on genes most advantageous to the survival of the individual.

Progressive Darwinists - similar to Darwin's theory but recognising that genes may spontaneously mutate or be switched on/off by environmental conditions. This moves away from the completely random nature of the Neo-Darwinists.

Collectivists - a further modification of Darwin's theories, saying evolution is also driven by symbiogenesis, cooperation and altruism between organisms. For example protozoans formed a symbiotic relationship with plant cells are formed multicelled organisms (the protozoans becoming the mitochondria in modern cells).

Complexity Theorists - evolution occurs through the capacity of complex dynamic systems to spontaneously produce higher organisms.

Directionalists - evolution is progressing towards broader or deeper cooperation and complexity, and may be shaped by some sort of design or underlying law.

Transhumanists - human beings control their own evolution through bioengineering, cybernetics, nanorobots, etc.

Process Philosophers - God is not a static creator outside time and space but the dynamic, creative dimension of the evolutionary process in time and space.

Integralists - Evolution is a holistic process that includes both objective and subjective dimensions of reality as it moves toward greater exterior complexity of form and greater interior depth of consciousness.

Conscious Evolutionists - We live in an unfinished cosmos, and its further development depends on us and our willingness to actively participate in the evolution of consciousness.

Esoteric Evolutionists - evolution is proceeding according to hidden esoteric blueprints acting through consciousness and matter. Madame Blavatsky (the founder of the Theosophical society) promoted these ideas.

Theistic Evolutionists - argue that science and religion are complimentary and that both are operating. They recognise that there is evidence for Darwin's natural selection and gene mutation, but an intelligent designer (God) is also controlling the outcome.

Intelligent Designers - evolution is under the control by an intelligent agent or cosmic designer, ie God.